/ smalt / Smalt	Jump to pigmentMadder lake (alizarine)AzuriteBone blackBrown ochreCarmineCadmium orangecadmium yellowCerulean BlueCalcium carbonate whitesCharcoalcobalt blueCobalt greencobalt violetCobalt yellowChrome orangechrome yellowcopper resinateEgyptian blueEmerald greenGreen earthIndian yellowIndigolead whiteLemon yellowmalachiteNaples yellowOrpimentlead tin yellowPrussian bluerealgarred leadRed ochresmalttitanium dioxideUltramarineUmbraVan Dyke brownverdigrisvermilionviridianYellow ochrezinc white

1.  Overview     2. History of use     3. Making the pigment     4. Technical details

How Smalt is made:          Artificial variety of pigment Heating of quartz, potassium carbonate and small amount of cobalt(II)-chloride to 1150°C and inserting the still hot product into cold water. The disintegrated glass is then homogenized in a mortar.

Illustration of the process:             Making smalt at Kremer Pigments Heating the mixture of sand, potassium carbonate and cobalt oxide While in the oven, the color changes from red to blue The blue colored finished product prior to grinding Making smalt in the student laboratory The mixture of sand, potassium carbonate and cobalt (II,III) oxide is homogenized The mixture is transfered into a preheated oven After 30 minutes at ca. 1100°C The still hot glassy product is being pulverised by immersion into cold water Filtration of the finished product   The ground pigment:             Pile of ground Smalt:

Other blues         (intro) - Azurite - Cerulean Blue - cobalt blue - Egyptian blue - Indigo       Prussian blue - smalt - Ultramarine