Pigments through the Ages

              
/ ma • luh • kite /
Malachite 
 
   

     
 

  1.  Overview  
  2. History
of use
 
  3. Making the
pigment
 
  4. Technical
details
 
  
  How Malachite is made:
        
Source:
Mineral malachite (at Mineralogy Database)


Natural variety of pigment
The natural mineral is crushed, ground to a powder and washed.
Artificial variety of pigment
Reaction of copper(II) sulfate with sodium carbonate.
In the lab
Materials needed:
Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4 · 5 H2O), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, dehydrated)
Safety (MSDSs):
Copper(II) sulfate (at Fisher scientific)
Method:
12,5 g CuSO4 · 5 H2O are solved in 50 ml deionized water. A solution of 5,8 g Na2CO3 in 55 ml deionized water is added slowly to the vigorously stirred solution of copper(II) sulfate. After adding of approximately 40 ml solution strong reaction sets in and carbon dioxide is being developed. The remaining solution should be added slowly after the onset of the reaction. The reaction mixture is let to stand for one to two days at temperatures between 5 and 10°C in order to obtain finely cristalized precipitate. The suspension is decanted two times with deionized water, filtered off and washed thoroughly.

  Illustration of the process:   
        
Making malachite in the laboratory:
The solution of sodium carbonate is being added to the solution of copper(II) sulfate
Gaseous carbon dioxide is being formed
The solution of sodium carbonate is being added to the solution of copper(II) sulfate
Gaseous carbon dioxide is being formed
Resulting basic copper(II) carbonate is being filtered off
Resulting basic copper(II) carbonate is being filtered off

  The ground pigment:   
        
Pile of ground Malachite:


Other greens        
(intro) - Cobalt green - copper resinate - Emerald green - Green earth - malachite      
verdigris - viridian        

 Sections:  

  purples  

  blues  

  greens  

  yellows  

  oranges  

  reds  

  whites  

  browns  

  blacks  

    
 Look for:    
webexhibits.org/pigments   -   Credits & Feedback  -   Bibliography