/ red led / Red lead	Jump to pigmentMadder lake (alizarine)AzuriteBone blackBrown ochreCarmineCadmium orangecadmium yellowCerulean BlueCalcium carbonate whitesCharcoalcobalt blueCobalt greencobalt violetCobalt yellowChrome orangechrome yellowcopper resinateEgyptian blueEmerald greenGreen earthIndian yellowIndigolead whiteLemon yellowmalachiteNaples yellowOrpimentlead tin yellowPrussian bluerealgarred leadRed ochresmalttitanium dioxideUltramarineUmbraVan Dyke brownverdigrisvermilionviridianYellow ochrezinc white

1.  Overview     2. History of use     3. Making the pigment     4. Technical details

About the chemical structure:          Chemical name: Lead(II,IV)-oxide Formula: Pb3O4 3D model: red = oxygen, light blue = lead Crystal system: tetragonal Refractive index: 2.42

A swatch of Red lead paint:

How can you identify Red lead?          Chemical identification: n/a Spectra: Raman spectra (at University College London), (pdf file download; at University of Florence, Italy)   Usage and handling:          Permanence: Toxicity: poor Safety card (at University of Oxford)   Literature:             Artists’ Pigments A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol. 1, L. Feller, Ed., Cambridge University Press, London 1986, p. 109-139 Dunn, E.J. Red Lead in Pigment Handbook, vol.1, ed. T.C. Patton, New York 1973, p. 837-42

Other reds         (intro) - Madder lake (alizarine) - realgar - red lead - Red ochre - vermilion